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- F▒ HEALTH & FITNESS, Page 73New Perils of the Pill?
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- Reports of a link to breast cancer stir confusion and fear
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- When oral contraceptives were introduced in 1960, women
- embraced them as a dream drug: an easy, reliable and safe way to
- prevent pregnancy. But fears spread in the 1970s, after
- researchers found that users of the Pill, particularly smokers,
- were somewhat more vulnerable than other women to heart attacks
- and strokes. In the '80s the Pill became attractive again after
- scientists showed that it helps protect against ovarian and
- endometrial cancer.
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- Now women are confused -- even panicked -- once more, this
- time by reports suggesting that the use of birth-control pills
- increases the risk of breast cancer. After newspaper and TV
- stories on the possible link appeared last week, doctors were
- besieged by calls from many of the 13.2 million American women
- who take the Pill. And no wonder: breast cancer is the third
- leading cause of death among U.S. women, killing 42,000 a year.
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- The concern stemmed from two U.S. studies and one from
- Britain. Among the findings:
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- Childless women who started menstruating before age 13 and
- had been on the Pill for eight to eleven years were nearly
- three times as likely to develop breast cancer as comparable
- women who had not used oral contraceptives.
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- Women who took the Pill for more than ten years tripled
- their risk of developing breast cancer by age 45.
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- The rate of breast cancer in women 30 to 34 who were former
- pill users was three times as high as in those who had not taken
- the drug.
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- Though unsettling, these studies are far from conclusive.
- They contradict about 30 previous surveys, nearly all of which
- indicated that the Pill is safe. Last week an advisory
- committee of the Food and Drug Administration met to review the
- handful of studies suggesting otherwise. The panel's conclusion:
- the evidence is too weak to warrant a change in pill use or a
- new warning label. But the group admitted that the issue is not
- settled and called for further research.
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- Some consumer advocates think women should be warned that
- the safety of oral contraceptives is in question. "It's not
- clear the Pill is not associated with breast cancer," contended
- Judy Norsigian of Boston's Women's Health Book Collective. But
- most scientists, including those who conducted the disturbing
- studies, backed the FDA's stance. Said Bruce Stadel, an agency
- epidemiologist: "The findings are inconsistent and difficult to
- reconcile with biological plausibility."
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- Researchers believe the latest findings could be due to
- errors in study design or interpretation. Moreover, the surveys
- may not be relevant to current pills. The reports contain data
- on women who took older formulations of oral contraceptives;
- today's tablets contain lower levels of sex hormones and are
- considered much safer. Most doctors remain convinced that the
- Pill's documented benefits far outweigh unproven risks. Women
- will have to decide for themselves whether they agree.
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